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Iron sulfide may be present in any tower that has H2 S or other sulfur contamination; amine units and some main fractionators can have significant deposits of iron sulfide. Most shutdown procedures include conversion of the iron sulfides to iron oxides, but complete conversion is not guar anteed. Iron sulfide in air converts to iron …
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Bioleaching is the metal-extracting practice from sulfides and/or iron-containing ores by means of microorganisms. It is a specified biohydrometallurgical approach in which either the metabolic activities or microbe's products are used to convert insoluble compounds into soluble form, which can then be recovered later [].Biological …
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expertise in iron precipitation, nickel and cobalt producers benefit from environmentally acceptable iron residue storage or further use. Manganese, an impurity often associated with these raw materials, can be precipitated as manganese oxide either together with iron or separately. From iron and manganese removal, the pregnant leach
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For chemical cleaning of this process unit, three independently operating circulation …
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Iron Sulfide Control. Iron sulfide presents many challenges in the oil and gas industry. Its presence indicates a problem in the production stream and will cause problems across all aspects of production and transmission. Iron sulfide causes corrosion by bonding to metal surfaces and causing an electrochemical reaction that degrades metal.
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The conventional nickel smelting and refining is the dominant strategy for nickel production from the sulfide nickel ores. The main disadvantages are the significant amount of SO 2 emissions during smelting and complex refining processes. In this paper, the authors investigated a solid-state nickel extraction method that recovered nickel …
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The Coke Oven By-Product Plant Contributed by Mick Platts, ThyssenKrupp EnCoke USA Table of Contents What is it and what does it do? Coke oven / by-product plant interface Composition of coke oven gas Duties of the by-product plant The by-product plant gas train Primary cooler Tar precipitators Exhauster Ammonia removal Final cooler
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This study successfully established Iron Sulfide-Mediated mixotrophic Partial Denitrification/Anammox system, achieving nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of 97.26% and 78.12%, respectively, with COD/NO 3 –-N of 1.00.Isotopic experiments and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analysis confirmed that iron sulfide enhanced …
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Iron sulphide deposits accumulate in distillation columns, pipes, trays, structured packings, vessels, and heat exchangers. During shutdowns, there is a high potential for spontaneous ignition in the presence of oxygen due to the pyrophoric iron sulphide nature. Keeping such deposits wet to avoid unwanted fire hazards is not a good option.
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If the granularity of the crushed product is not strict, the open circuit process can be used. Otherwise, a closed-circuit process should be used. However, when the closed-circuit process is adopted, the configuration of the equipment will become more complicated due to the addition of inspection and screening. 2. Three-stage Crushing …
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Iron(II) sulfide is a fascinating chemical compound that plays a significant role in various fields, including geology, chemistry, and industry. Made up of iron and sulfur, this compound is known for its dark, metallic appearance and is commonly found in the natural environment, especially within the earth's crust.Iron(II) sulfide is formed when …
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Iron sulfides can affect process selection or operating conditions since gold is trapped in the iron sulfide matrix. The gold in the sulfide ores is finely dispersed, and locked up in sulfide minerals with other precious metal associations, leading to the loss of these components in tailings from traditional processing (Lyu et al., 2020 ...
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Iron sulfides, as a class of common pyrophoric materials, are widely formed and deposited on the internal surface of transportation, storage, and refinery equipment in oil, petrochemical, and chemical industries. To reduce the self-heating risk from iron sulfides, this paper proposes a practicable method for inhibiting pyrophoric iron sulfides.
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Our patented Vapour-Phase process decontaminates columns and towers by effectively penetrating all sludge and scale to target harmful contaminants. It simultaneously frees hydrocarbon including benzene to the relief system while oxidizing any remaining hydrogen sulfide and pyrophoric iron sulfide - saving you time and money.
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Due to the production of sulfuric acid resulting from sulfide oxidation to sulfate [], and the low nutrient environment of 'bare' mineral substrates [], the organisms used for bioleaching are typically acidophilic chemolithoautotrophs.These are microbes that thrive in low-pH environments, capable of exploiting inorganic electron sources (e.g. …
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The main contributions are described as follows: (1) A complete process of gold recovery from sulfide refractory gold ore was proposed and the gold was effectively recovered; (2) Pyrite was first used to enhance the chlorination roasting; (3) Thermodynamic analysis and laboratory experiments verified the feasibility and reliability …
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The common iron sulfide minerals in copper ore are pyrite and pyrrhotite. Chalcopyrite: a kind of copper oxide ore ... Process flow: The dosage of sodium sulfide can reach 1~2kg/t during vulcanization. …
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Iron sulfide is formed by conversion of iron oxide (Fe2O3; rust) in an oxygen-free …
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AbstractDescription of Paper. This paper discusses various mechanisms that can lead to the formation of iron sulfide scale downhole, techniques that can be used to prevent its formation and methods to remove it. Iron sulfide scale is present in oil and gas producing wells, water injection and supply wells. There are various mechanisms that …
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Reaction 3 Iron oxide reacts with organic sulphur or hydrogen sulphide (H2S): Soluble organic iron species such as iron carboxylates and iron naphthenates are likely to decompose at higher temperatures, reacting with organic sulphur or H2S to form FeS deposits on process equipment surfaces. Their decomposition temperature is >300°C.
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Sulfuric acid manufacturing is a long process and catalysts, heating, high pressures, Le chatelier's principle are applied during the complete process. Step 1. Burning sulfur or sulfide compound. Sulfur or sulfide …
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Iron sulfide control programs from Baker Hughes minimize the problem and control operational cost. We offer a complete set of solutions to prevent, control, or remove FeS in your production and injection equipment.
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Iron sulfide (FeS) plugs filters, builds up in tanks, shortens production-equipment life, and damages the formation. Iron sulfide control programs from Baker Hughes minimize the problem and control operational cost. We offer a complete set of solutions to prevent, control, or remove FeS in your production and injection equipment.
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With the vigorously growing demand of the steel industry, corrosion resistance alloys, clean energy industries, and a variety of engineered infrastructure or technology, high-grade nickel ores are being exhausted gradually in the world. This review outlines metallurgical processes for nickel production from various nickel sulfide ores resources, particularly …
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Since nickel sulfide concentrates are described by the ternary Fe–Ni–S system, a similar approach should allow the separation of S from Ni in the form of solid iron sulfide and the extraction of nickel as FeNi alloy. Physical separation of these phases may provide a marketable product in a process with a single chemical treatment step.
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Copper processing is a complicated process that begins with mining of the ore (less than 1% copper) and ends with sheets of 99.99% pure copper called cathodes, which will ultimately be made into products for …
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H 2 S is produced in the anaerobic digestion process by the degradation of organic compounds (i.e., proteins) and reduction of the inorganic species (SO 4 2−) present in the feedstock.H 2 S is required to be removed from the biogas due to concerns about health, safety, and corrosion during transmission, storage, and use. Higher …
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Sulfide ores. Spent acid. Gases like H 2 S. Many variants are available for each process utilizing the above-mentioned starting materials. 2.1.1 Elemental Sulfur. Process description for sulfuric acid 98.5% plant (commercial grade) A typical sulfuric acid plant operating on sulfur as the main raw material consists of the following main …
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1. Map the Process Flow with T & P 2. Develop a monitoring and system survey plan 3. Walk the pipe & process flow with Operations 4. Compile all historical data and failure info 5. Methodically collect a baseline of statistically valid data. 6. Develop a root cause solution with operations 7. Implement a trial of one solution at a time 8.
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Sulfide ore beneficiation is a major challenge for the mining industry. Recovery of valuable minerals such as copper, lead-zinc or nickel from sulfide-bearing ores requires complex and costly processes with a wide range of potential risks. These challenges can include the presence of harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide and …
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